How do Airbags protect you in a car crash?

What are the airbags in a car?

Airbags are passive safety features designed to prevent injuries among drivers and passengers in the event of a crash. Airbags provide added protection to seatbelts. For example, in higher-speed crashes, a seatbelt alone may not prevent a driver’s head from hitting the steering column.

How do airbags work?

Airbag systems are composed of three basic parts:

•  The bag, 
•  The inflator unit, and
•  The crash sensor.

The bag and inflator are contained together in the airbag module. Most often, the sensor is located in the passenger compartment of a vehicle and towards the front, so if a crash occurs it is quickly detected.

When the crash sensor detects rapid deceleration, it triggers the inflator to produce nitrogen gas that quickly inflates the bag, causing the bag to escape from its module. A commonly used type of sensor is the electromechanical ball-and-tube design. This type of sensor is made up of a tube with a mechanical switch at one end and a steel ball on the other held in place by a magnet. When a sufficiently forceful deceleration occurs, the ball is knocked loose from its place, rolls down the tube, and hits the switch. Hitting the switch causes the electrical circuit that inflates the airbag to close. With the circuit closed, the inflator engages to deploy the airbag.

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